Archaeological excavations at a medieval cemetery in Wales are yielding significant new evidence suggesting the site served as an early religious community exclusively for women. The findings, uncovered over the past four years near Fonmon Castle, include skeletal remains, domestic artifacts, and potential structural remains of a small building.
The Unusual Burial Ground
To date, archaeologists have unearthed 58 skeletons dating back to the 6th or 7th Century. What sets this site apart is the overwhelming majority of remains belong to women. The bodies were buried in shallow graves cut into the limestone bedrock, with material possessions suggesting a level of wealth and luxury despite the hardships of their lives. This raises questions about their social status and role in the early medieval period.
A Potential Shrine or Chapel
The latest dig revealed the outline of what is believed to be a small building, possibly a shrine or chapel. Dr. Andy Seaman of Cardiff University, leading the excavation, explained, “We are uncovering fragments of building stone… this could be structural. It’s a highly desired location for burial, as evidenced by the fact that some graves contain multiple interments.”
The clustering of graves around this potential structure suggests it was a central feature of the cemetery, and the women buried there may have sought proximity to it. The practice of re-burying remains to make space indicates a strong desire for interment near this sacred place.
Artifacts Hint at Daily Life
Beyond the skeletal remains, the site has yielded a range of artifacts. These include an ornate copper brooch (possibly gilded with gold), a bone pin with intricate carvings, a comb fashioned from antler, and exquisite multicolored glass beads. The discovery of a quern stone for grinding flour, pottery, and glass suggests that the women were not simply buried here, but also lived in close proximity to the cemetery. Dr. Seaman believes this community was likely enclosed, separate from broader society.
Lingering Mysteries
While the emerging evidence points toward an early female religious community, questions remain. A small number of male and child skeletons have been uncovered. Their relationship to the women buried there remains unknown. Disturbingly, two women were found discarded in a ditch with their hands and feet bound, hinting at violence or punishment.
The findings at this site are reshaping our understanding of early medieval religious practices and gender roles in Wales. While more research is needed, the evidence suggests a deliberate, isolated community of women with access to wealth and status.
